More Than a Headache: What Migraines Really Involve

You Should Know: If you get migraines, you know they’re not “just a bad headache.” Migraine is a complex — and often debilitating — neurological disorder. According to experts at the American Migraine Foundation, migraines affect about one in seven people globally and involve distinct phases that can unfold over hours or even days.

Going Deeper: Neurologists describe migraines in four distinct stages. The prodrome can start a day or two before head pain, bringing subtle symptoms like mood changes, food cravings, fatigue, or neck stiffness. Next, about a third of people experience aura, which includes visual disturbances, tingling, or speech difficulty. Then comes the attack phase: throbbing head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light or sound that can last up to 72 hours. Finally, the postdrome — sometimes called a “migraine hangover” — may leave you foggy.

Making Do: If you get migraines, recognizing early warning signs may help you avoid a full-blown attack. There’s no surefire way to prevent migraines, but research suggests treating migraines during the prodrome or aura phase with prescribed medications, hydration, rest, or avoiding known triggers may blunt progression.

Bottom Line: Understanding the four stages (and knowing your personal patterns) can help you act sooner and potentially stop a migraine before it peaks.